E 000 General Provisions
E 100 Introduction and General Information
- E 110 Manual References and Sources of Information
- E 120 Definitions
- E 130 Abbreviations
- E 140 Fundamentals of Real Property for Street Design Purposes
- E 150 Legal Liability and Maintenance Responsibility
E 200 General Design of Street Improvement Projects
- E 210 Street Classifications
- E 220 Financing
- E 230 Street Improvement Policies
- E 240 Calculations and Problem Solutions
E 300 Roadway Design Controls and Criteria
- E 310 Traffic Data
- E 320 Design Vehicle Physical Characteristics and Minimum Clearances
- E 330 Speed
- E 340 Highway (Street) Capacity
- E 350 Drainage Controls and Criteria
- E 360 Other Elements Affecting Geometric Design
- E 370 Terrain and Land Development
- E 380 Intersection Grades Controlled by Street Classification
E 400 General Roadway Design Elements
- E 410 Horizontal Alignment
- E 420 Vertical Alignment
- E 430 Combination of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
- E 440 Sight Distance
E 500 Design Criteria For Special Street Components and Projects
- E 510 Alleys
- E 520 Cul-de-Sacs and Elbow Curves
- E 530 Driveways
- E 540 Grade Separations
- E 550 Intersections At-Grade
- E 580 Private Streets
- E 590 Access Ramps (formerly E 532)
E 600 Cross-Section Elements
- E 610 Streets
- E 620 Pavements
- E 630 Curbs and Gutters
- E 640 Concrete Gutters
- E 650 Borders
- E 660 Medians
- E 670 Retaining Walls and Bulkheads
- E 680 Side Slopes
- E 690 Traffic Guides and Barrier Installations
E 700 New Project Construction
- E 710 Construction Control
- E 720 Bid Document
- E 730 Changes In Documents
- E 740 Final Inspection

E 670 Retaining Walls and Bulkheads

In the process of street design, particularly on hillside projects, the use of bulkheads or retaining walls must sometimes be considered. The need for such structures may be due wholly or in part to some of the following requirements:

To correct or alleviate unstable side slope conditions.
To avoid exceeding the allowable maximum cut or fill on side slopes.
To reduce the amount of earthwork (cut or fill).
To reduce excessive right of way costs.
To prevent undermining or burying existing improvements.

Based on the above conditions, if it is decided that structural support is necessary, a choice must be made as to the use of bulkheads or retaining walls. Some of the factors that might influence this decision are treated here only briefly, since the decision may be based in part on the advice of the Geology and Soils Engineering Section or the Street Opening and Widening Division and is normally a function of the Bridge and Structural Design Division.