E 000 General Provisions
E 100 Introduction and General Information
- E 110 Manual References and Sources of Information
- E 120 Definitions
- E 130 Abbreviations
- E 140 Fundamentals of Real Property for Street Design Purposes
- E 150 Legal Liability and Maintenance Responsibility
E 200 General Design of Street Improvement Projects
- E 210 Street Classifications
- E 220 Financing
- E 230 Street Improvement Policies
- E 240 Calculations and Problem Solutions
E 300 Roadway Design Controls and Criteria
- E 310 Traffic Data
- E 320 Design Vehicle Physical Characteristics and Minimum Clearances
- E 330 Speed
- E 340 Highway (Street) Capacity
- E 350 Drainage Controls and Criteria
- E 360 Other Elements Affecting Geometric Design
- E 370 Terrain and Land Development
- E 380 Intersection Grades Controlled by Street Classification
E 400 General Roadway Design Elements
- E 410 Horizontal Alignment
- E 420 Vertical Alignment
- E 430 Combination of Horizontal and Vertical Alignment
- E 440 Sight Distance
E 500 Design Criteria For Special Street Components and Projects
- E 510 Alleys
- E 520 Cul-de-Sacs and Elbow Curves
- E 530 Driveways
- E 540 Grade Separations
- E 550 Intersections At-Grade
- E 580 Private Streets
- E 590 Access Ramps (formerly E 532)
E 600 Cross-Section Elements
- E 610 Streets
- E 620 Pavements
- E 630 Curbs and Gutters
- E 640 Concrete Gutters
- E 650 Borders
- E 660 Medians
- E 670 Retaining Walls and Bulkheads
- E 680 Side Slopes
- E 690 Traffic Guides and Barrier Installations
E 700 New Project Construction
- E 710 Construction Control
- E 720 Bid Document
- E 730 Changes In Documents
- E 740 Final Inspection

E 440 Sight Distance

A primary consideration in the design of a highway is the arranging of the geometric elements to obtain adequate sight distance for safe and efficient operation. Sight distance should be considered in the preliminary design stages, when the horizontal and vertical alignments are still subject to adjustment.

Three items will be covered under the subject of sight distance:

The distance required for stopping, applicable on all highways.
The distance required for overtaking and passing vehicles, applicable on two-lane and three-lane highways.
The criteria for measuring these distances in the design of horizontal and vertical alignment.

The figures and equations presented will use the following notations in addition to those previously presented under horizontal and vertical alignment discussion:

S = Sight distance, stopping distance, or stopping sight distance in feet.

V = Design speed in miles per hour.

L = Length of vertical curve in feet (see figures and equations for other specific L designations).

a = Vertical acceleration in feet per second, per second

R= L/A = Minimum radius of vertical curve in feet (see figures and equations for other specific R designations).

A = Algebraic difference of grades in percent (see figures and equations for other specific A designations).